![]() Novel diversity may be mined from databases and de novo sequencing, but functional characterization remains a limiting step to identifying new alleles. We argue that spatial analysis is a tool for defining new agrarian landscapes, observing geographic and social shifts in small, alternative farming, and conducting more focused ethnographic research. An additional farmer hot spot in central Appalachia diminished after 1997 and finally disappeared in 2012. ![]() ![]() ![]() Furthermore, we show that these areas have been growing since 1997. By associating these county-level indicators with a crowd-sourced USDA directory of farmers' markets as a proxy for local demand, we identified four hot spots of new American agriculture: The West Coast, central Texas and Oklahoma, central Florida, and the Great Lakes region. agricultural census provides an opportunity to identify socioeconomic, demographic, and agricultural factors associated with new and alternative farming at the county level, and then analyze these for spatial patterns within a geographic information system. Karl Kautsky's Agrarian Question remains a useful lens for analyzing the relationship between small and large agricultural producers under the conditions of industrial capitalism. ![]()
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